How Policy Choices Shape Prices, Battery Range, and Charging Networks Takeaway: Government cash rebates for electric vehicle purchases prompt automakers to lower prices but also trim driving ranges, creating a sharp trade-off for policymakers between maximizing total vehicle sales and maximizing overall consumer welfare. Key Points Unexpected Adjustments: Direct cash rebates for electric vehicles (EVs) led carmakers to produce cheaper, lower-range models rather than simply di

Takeaway: Giving one-time cash grants to extremely poor agricultural families leads to lasting improvements in food security and farm profits, even after initial consumer spending sprees fade. Section 3 - Key Points Fleeting spending, persistent food security: Initial surges in retail purchases vanished within six months, but families maintained higher food security for up to two years. Farming as an investment: Families sustained these long-term gains by investing cash in se

Takeaway: A sharp pullback in U.S. military funding for university research in the 1970s led to persistent declines in academic faculty size, doctoral student training, and scientific publications, ultimately dampening long-run technological innovation. The study explores the systemic consequences of a major contraction in public research funding to assess whether scientific capacity is significantly easier to dismantle than to rebuild. Key Points Academic Shrinkage: Academic

Takeaway: Evidence comparing jurisdictions with and without three‑strikes laws is mixed: some state‑level and quasi‑experimental studies find deterrent effects for targeted offender classes, while several multi‑jurisdiction analyses report increased homicides or little incapacitation benefit. Policy conclusions stress heterogeneous effects and important identification challenges. Crime and the fear of crime have lead many states to adopt so called "three strikes" laws. These

This study uses randomized admissions lotteries to examine how different types of charter schools affect students' long-term educational paths, revealing that state test scores do not always predict whether a school helps its students earn a college degree.

A sharp increase in federal pandemic relief funds for relatively affluent school districts did not improve student test scores, primarily because districts used the windfall to lower local property taxes rather than increase overall school spending.